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KMID : 1159320070090030269
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Korean Journal of Vision Science
2007 Volume.9 No. 3 p.269 ~ p.281
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Comparative Analysis of Refractive Error in Rural and Urban Elementary Schoolchildren
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Youn Mi-Ok
Mah Ki-Choong
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Abstract
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This study investigated visual acuity and subjective refraction to examine correlations among the place of residence, school year and gender.
The subjects were 166 children at 3 schools in rural and 1 school in urban Gyeongsangnamdo(low grade : n = 36, high grade : n = 47).
The means of uncorrected visual acuity were 0.75±0.34 in the rural and 0.45±0.38 in the urban. In the low grade of elementary schoolchildren, the means of uncorrected visual acuity were 0.54±0.37 in the rural and 0.84±0.25 in the urban. In the high grade of elementary schoolchildren, the means of uncorrected visual acuity were 0.68±0.39 in the rural and 0.39±0.38 in the urban. And by gender, the means of uncorrected visual acuity were 0.65±0.40 in the boys and 0.55±0.38 in the girls. There were significant differences between the place of residence and school year, but there were no significant differences by gender. The frequency of uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better in at least one eye was 66.2%(n = 55) in the rural and 29.8%(n = 24) in the urban. In the low grade of elementary schoolchildren, the frequency of uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better in at least one eye was 72.2% in the rural and 33.3% in the urban. In the high grade of elementary schoolchildren, the frequency of uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better in at least one eye was 61.7% in the rural and 25.5% in the urban. And by gender, the frequency of uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better in at least one eye was 51.1%(45명) of the boys and 43.6%(34명) of the girls. There were significant differences between the place of residence and school year. but there were no significant differences by gender.
The wearer of spectacle were 53 children(rural ; 12% < n = 10>, urban ; 51.8% < n = 43>). In the low grade of elementary schoolchildren, the wearer of spectacle was 0.0% in the rural and 44.4% in the urban. In the high grade of elementary schoolchildren, the wearer of spectacle was 21.2% in the rural and 57.4% in the urban. The wearer of spectacle were significant differences between the place of residence and school year. And by gender, the wearer of spectacle was 30.7%(27명) of the boys and 33.3%(26명) of the girls. There were significant differences between the place of residence and school year. but there were no significant differences by gender.
The prevalence of myopia(-0.50D or more in spherical equivalent) was 28.9% in the rural and 62.6% in the urban. In the low grade of elementary schoolchildren, the prevalence of myopia were 13.9% in the rural and 50.0% in the urban. In the high grade of elementary schoolchildren, the prevalence of myopia were 40.4% in the rural and 72.3% in the urban. And by gender, the prevalence of myopia was 42.0%(37명) of the boys and 50.0%(39명) of the girls. The prevalence of myopia was greater in higher grade children than lower grade children, in the urban than the rural. But there were no significant differences by gender.
In conclusion, subnormal visual acuity, the prevalence of spectacle wearing and myopia were greater as in the higher grade and in the urban children. It must be related with environmental factors than congenital factors. So multilateral vision care promotion program should be developed to prevent subnormal visual acuity and keep vision care.
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KEYWORD
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uncorrected visual acuity, the rate of the wearer of spectacle, refractive error, the prevalence of myopia, environmental factor, management of visual acuity
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